Abstract: 　Objective　To observe and analyze the medium and long term follow-up data of arrhythmias after transcatheter closure of children with ventricular septal defect (VSD). Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1071 children with VSD, who successfully underwent transcatheter device closure, at l, 3, 6, 12 months and every year post procedure from March 2002 to December 2010. Results Of all 1071 children, 272 cases (25.4%) were observed of having arrhythmias within 1 month after intervention, mainly including atrioventricular block (AVB), branch block, junctional tachycardia, atrial and ventricular tachycardia, frequent contractions, etc. Among them, 22 cases (2.1%) had above II degree AVB, complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) and other causes of serious arrhythmias. After treatment, all cases got better and no permanent pacemaker was necessary. After 1 to 107 months (2.8±1.7 years) follow-up, 161 cases (18.2%) were observed of having persistent abnormal ECG mainly caused by AVB and branch block, including 10 cases (1.1%) with serious arrhythmias. In 4 cases with late-onset AVB, 3 cases had already appeared AVB in early postoperative, 1 case had recurrence CLBBB, left ventricle enlarge, and died of heart failure during follow up. Four cases were implanted permanent pacemaker. Conclusion During follow-up, serious arrhythmias after VSD closure, such as AVB or CLBBB, have high risk of recurring. Conduction block arrhythmias may reappear or worsen, while arrhythmias like tachycardia and premature heart rhythm mostly return to normal.